We understands each other for HYMN (Of Latin " hymnus ", Greek " hymnos ") s. m. to a poetic or musical composition of religious, mundane or mixed character, to adore to the divinity, to worship to the homeland, to praise the heroes, to exalt a great man, to celebrate a memorable event, to express impetuous joy or uncontrollable enthusiasm.
The name of NATIONAL HYMN is given to the musical literary composition that represents the love from the town to its Homeland and that it is adopted by a country so that, together with the Flag and the Shield, constitute the symbol of the nationality.
Accomplished the National Independence with the victorious entrance of the Army Trigarante to Mexico City, September of 1821, 27 arose tentative of poetic and musical compositions to provide to the Nation of a civic song, of a patriotic song, of an epic song and until a patriotic hymn, but not of a National Hymn. This concept arose up to 1849 in that the first convocation rushed and after three decades, in a second convocation, emitted in 1854, our National Hymn was born.
Being President of the Republic the General Antonio L�pez de Santa Anna, through the Official bigger than the Ministry of Development, Colonization, Industry and Trade, Don Miguel Lerdo de Tejada, November 12 1853 were signed the Agreement of the Convocation for the realization of a poetic-musical contest that was published in the Official Newspaper on following Monday 14 of the same month, so that, have a truly patriotic song that, adopted by the Supreme court Government, be constantly the National Hymn... offering a prize, to the best poetic composition that serves to the object... Another prize is dedicated, in the same terms, to the musical composition for this Hymn."
This convocation was published in 16 numbers of the Official Newspaper understood among November 14 at December 12 1853.
The verdict of the Examining, emitted Jury February of 1854, 3 were published the day February of the same year 5, being given to know this way: "Ministry of Development, Colonization, Industry and Trade. Subjected to the exam of the E. S. D. Jos� Bernardo Couto and of the Sirs D. Manuel Carpio and D. Joaqu�n Pesado, the twenty-four poetic compositions that were presented to this Secretary, by virtue of the published convocation last November 14, it has been described as more merit the following one, of which turned out to be an author, when opening up the closed sheet that took their epigraph, to Mr. D. Francisco Gonz�lez Bocanegra."
In the same document they follow the ten verses of the winning Hymn and there being you conformed S. A. S. the General President with the view of the Examining Commission, is made know, with arrangement to the one referred Convocation, so that the composers of the music that want to be opposed to the prize, offered to the composition that she obtains the approval of the Meeting that is named for such a case, direct their works to this Secretary, in sixty days, counting from the date; under the concept that this works will come anonymous and accompanied by a sheet closed in the one that consists the author's name, marking in the covered with a countersign that gives to know the work to that corresponds."
The verdict of the Examining Jury, emitted up to August 10 and published the day 15 of the same month and year he/she communicated in the following terms: "Ministry of Development, Colonization, Industry and Trade. Of order of the E.S., and for the rising effects, it is made know that, there being you named by this Secretary, a commission, composed by the professors of Music Jos� Antonio G�mez, Agust�n Balderas and Tom�s Le�n, so that they examined the compositions that were presented, by virtue of the respective Convocation, it already qualified which it deserved the preference of them and it could be adopted as National Hymn, they spent to this Commission, fifteen, being deposited in the file, and in rigorous secret, the closed sheets that contained the names of their respective authors. Verified the exam and the corresponding qualification, the Commission remitted its verdict, giving the first place, unanimously, to the composition that takes for epigraph: God and Freedom." In consequence, you proceeded to open the corresponding closed sheet, and being gift being Jaime Nun�, he is declared, to name of S. A. S. the General President, author of the Hymn that the Government adopts as National"
FRANCISCO GONZALEZ BOCANEGRA
He was born in San Luis Potos�, January of 1824, 8 son of the gaditano Jos� Gonz�lez Y�nez and of do�a Mar�a Francisca Bocanegra y Villalpando, originating of the Real de Pinos, Aguascalientes and cousin Jos� Mar�a Bocanegra that figured prominently hardly in the politics of Mexico independent (it was president of the interim Republic from the 18 to December 23 1829).
In 1829 their family came out to the exile for C�diz, Spain, very near the bank of the sea. In 1836 it is already of return in San Luis Potos� in the one which complete their instruction and he/she manifests the first symptoms of their literary liking.
He ended up being individual of number of the Glorious Academy of San Juan de Letr�n and when in 1849 the Liceo arose Hidalgo, it was called to be part of the first directive table as vowel, to be raised later to the presidency of the same one. In November of 1853 the convocation was published for the composition of a truly patriotic song and that it could constantly arrive to sen the National Hymn." It participated and their composition was winning with the epigraph:
The Hymn National Mexican was interpreted September of 1854, 15 for the first time pronouncing the commemorative official speech of the Independence.
He died April 11 1861. he was 37 years old. Their remains were lowly interred in San Fernando's Vault; later they were transferred to Dolores's Vault in 1901; in September of 1932, deposited for the first time in the Round of the Illustrious Men and, finally, in 1942 placed in their definitive place, beside those of the musician that it shares with him the glory of our National Hymn.
He was born September 8 in 1824 in San Juan de las Abadesas, Gerona, Spain, 8 months after Francisco Gonz�lez Bocanegra. Their parents were gift Francisco Nun� and do�a Magdalena Roca. He studied in Italy under the direction of Saverio Mercadante, rival in that year of Bellini and Donizetti.
In 1853 it was chosen by the Spanish Crown to go to Cuba to organize military bands. In that year he had contact with the General Antonio L�pez of Santa Anna who invited it to come to Mexico to work in the country.
February of 1854, 28 were named by special office, Director of Bands and Military Music.
It presented their composition for the competition summoned to put music to our National Hymn. It won the competition and a warning was published so that he/she demonstrated to be the author of the winning composition. Identified as author of the composition and proclaimed its victory, was requested with urgency that he orchestrated same its work as much for military band as for orchestra, in order to be able to her to use for the first time in the next native parties. September 15 1854 were intoned for the first time in the great theater Santa Anna.
After the fall of Santa Anna, one returned to Havana at the beginning of 1856. Then he lived in New York, to where they went to offer him the position of orchestra's of a great company of Italian opera director that made extensive tour starting from 1860. He came to Mexico in 1864 and finished the tour in 1869 resided definitively in Buffalo. In 1901 it was invited to come to Mexico for the native parties where they received it with big festejos. In 1904 it was called to preside over the festejos of the fiftieth anniversary of the National Hymn, but it was received coldly. He promised to return in 1910 to attend the festejos of the Centennial of the Independence but the death happened him July 18 1908 in Bayside, New York. Its cadaver, embalmed, was interred in the cemetery Forest Lawn of Buffalo, New York. In 1942, its remains were transferred Mexico and they rest definitively in the Round of the Illustrious Men, beside the poet that inspired their verses the immortal music of our NATIONAL HYMN.
